Causes
Although stress and spicy foods might make the symptoms of peptic ulcer worse, they aren't the cause of the condition as was once thought.
A bacterium called H. pylori causes the majority of ulcers. The bacteria can spread into the mucus lining that usually protects the stomach and small intestine from digestive acids, damaging it in the process. By 60 years of age, up to 50% of people are infected with this bacteria, but only 10% to 20% of these people will actually develop stomach problems.
The other major cause of PUD is the use of aspirin and other NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen. NSAIDs can penetrate the lining of the stomach and release substances that damage cells. NSAIDs also block natural chemicals called prostaglandins that can help to protect and repair those cells. People more at risk of ulcers caused by NSAIDs include those who:
- are seniors
- have a history of a peptic ulcer
- are also taking glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone, dexamethasone)
- are taking high doses of NSAIDs or aspirin
- have several medical conditions
- are taking more than one NSAID or aspirin
Excessive alcohol use can put people at higher risk for PUD, but it isn't a true cause.